Learn About EMFs

source www.latitudes.org

Hundreds of physicians have been signing a petition that raises health concerns over mobile phone technology: base stations, mobile phones and digital cordless phones. The appeal states:

We have observed, in recent years, a dramatic rise in severe and chronic diseases among our patients, especially:

• Learning, concentration, and behavioural disorders (e.g. attention deficit disorder, ADD)
• Extreme fluctuations in blood pressure, ever harder to influence with medications
• Heart rhythm disorders
• Heart attacks and strokes among an increasingly younger population
• Brain-degenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer–s) and epilepsy
• Cancerous afflictions: leukaemia, brain tumours

Moreover, we have observed an ever-increasing occurrence of various disorders, often misdiagnosed in patients as psychosomatic:

• Headaches, migraines
• Chronic exhaustion
• Inner agitation
• Sleeplessness, daytime sleepiness
• Tinnitus
• Susceptibility to infection
• Nervous and connective tissue pains, for which the usual causes do not explain even the most conspicuous symptoms

The Freiburger Appeal states: “We can no longer believe this to be purely coincidence, far too often do we observe a marked concentration of particular illnesses in correspondingly HFMR-polluted areas or apartments. Too often does a long-term disease or affliction improve or disappear in a relatively short time after reduction or elimination of HFMR pollution in the patient’s environment. Too often are our observations confirmed by on-site measurements of HFMR of unusual intensity. On the basis of our daily experiences, we hold the current mobile communications technology (introduced in 1992 and since then globally extensive) and cordless digital telephones (DECT standard) to be among the fundamental triggers for this fatal development. One can no longer evade these pulsed microwaves. They heighten the risk of already-present chemical/physical influences, stress the body–s immune system, and can bring the body–s still-functioning regulatory mechanisms to a halt. Pregnant women, children, adolescents, elderly and sick people are especially at risk”.

For more information and a copy of the Freiburger Appeal visit Mast Sanity at www.mastsanity.org

by Margaret Meade Glaser
Chicago, Illinois
EMR Network (Board of Directors)

www.emrnetwork.org

What Americans need to know, and what they are not being told, is that three out of four independent (non-industry sponsored) research studies worldwide are showing biological effects from low-level, nonionizing radiation similar to that used in wireless communications. These are called “nonthermal effects” because they occur at levels too low to cause tissue heating. The telecom industry, and the FCC’s safe exposure guidelines, recognize only thermal (heating) effects. That means that exposures at intensity (power) levels below that threshold are officially being considered “safe” while the research is suggesting otherwise.

For clarity’s sake, the frequency range of nonionizing radiation used in wireless communications is referred to as “radiofrequency/microwave radiation” or RF/MW. Microwave ovens get their name from the fact that they use this type of radiation to cook food (you could call this an example of a thermal effect). Radar frequencies are also in this range.

While the FCC maintains that its guidelines are protective, and indeed may be heading toward relaxing them significantly in the near future, that is not the position that was put forth by a federal interagency workgroup of nonionizing radiation experts. In a letter to a standards setting committee in 1999 (1), they outlined fourteen points which they believed needed to be addressed before any FCC guidelines could be deemed credible and sufficiently protective of the public. Nothing was done with these recommendations.

In letters dated July and September 2002, scientists from the Radiation Protection
Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency (2) stated that they are concerned about the burgeoning exposure of the public to nonionizing radiation, and that claims that the FCC guidelines are protective of all possible mechanisms of damage are unjustified. Do you think a wireless-happy public has any idea of this?

If this were all just theoretical and we had to wait years to see if there were any measurable effect, that would be one thing. However, I have talked to many down-to-earth, normal, professional and nonprofessional people who on their own have noticed headaches, dizziness, ear ringing, pain, and/or other symptoms when they use their cell or PCS phones. I just heard from a young man working in a telecom broadband department that he has fielded about 10 calls of this sort in the three months he has been there, and he is not even in the wireless department.

Since October, over a hundred doctors in Germany have signed a document stating that they are seeing increased health problems among patients related to cell phone use and chronic exposure to radiation from cell towers and antennas (3). In France, a first study was completed this past year correlating health symptoms with cell tower proximity (4). Clearly, something is going on.

If you look at the history of research on nonionizing radiation (the energy waves below the frequencies of visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum), you will see that nonthermal effects were first reported decades ago, but were deemed to be research mistakes. Over time, we have learned just how much the soviets knew about these effects as evidenced by their having beamed the U. S. embassy in Moscow with low levels of this radiation several decades ago. In fact, many in the embassy were found to have developed serious health conditions.You can read about this in Nicholas Steneck’s 1986 book, “The Microwave Debate.”

In the past twelve years there have been hundreds of studies showing these nonthermal effects— such as DNA damage and nonrepair, opening of the blood-brain barrier (allowing toxins and pathogens to reach the brain), lowered immunity, decreased melatonin levels, effects on stress proteins (indicating cell damage), formation of micronuclei (aberrations in cell nuclei which are often markers for cancer), changes in calcium metabolism affecting communication between cells, changes in brainwave patterns as seen on EEG’s, plus effects observed on many different systems of the body.

What is not clear is the degree to which these effects are cumulative given chronic exposure, and whether they are indeed linked to major health problems like cancer and neurological conditions. The bioeffects seen are, however, plausible precursors to such conditions, and some evidence suggests there may be an association. Even conservative researchers who have witnessed and studied nonthermal bioeffects say that this radiation is a “probable” cause of health problems.

Right now, many schools are financially strapped, and the promise of a monthly check in exchange for leasing a bit of space on the property or building for antennas seems very attractive. (This is also true of hospitals, office buildings, apartment buildings, churches, etc.). There is a big push for educational achievement right now that is leading schools that can afford it to get wireless internet computer networks installed, some of which transmit microwaves all day long. When children go home, many use cell phones (and cordless phones, which while lower power, also emit radiation) and may live in the close vicinity of cell towers and building-mounted antennas. Some may have their bedrooms over wireless remote-read utility meters. Even the “second-hand smoke” of others’ use of wireless devices and phones can be affecting them.

Since children are more vulnerable to this radiation, because their bodies are still developing and the radiation can penetrate them more deeply, where is it going to end for them? Will their bodies be able to handle all this, so foreign to the radiation environment in which we humans evolved? This is a serious question.

Some countries discourage the use of wireless devices by children. And some prohibit the placement of antennas near schools and day care centers. Meanwhile, in the U.S. it is actually illegal for zoning boards to consider possible health risks when deciding where to place mobile phone antennas. Thanks to the Telecom Act of 1996, such considerations are preempted by our federal government in order to give maximum freedom and opportunity to telecom companies. Some communities have been sued when trying to fight this. The Vermont delegation, with support from some other members of Congress, has recently introduced bills to reverse this ruling (5). It will take enormous support to offset the influence of telecom money and pass these bills.

by Sheila Rogers from www.latitudes.org

Meredith and her husband were dairy farmers on over 150 acres of rolling green land that had been passed down for generations. They had grown to love the simple lifestyle that came with hard work, fresh air, and farming in the Midwest. They and their four children enjoyed good health and happy days.

When the cell phone tower was erected twelve years ago they weren’t too concerned, though they were certainly not pleased that it was just over the property line on the adjoining land and only 800 feet from their house. It was an eyesore, but they were assured it was perfectly safe. “It’s like a 100-watt light bulb,” the company often told people.

“We were naïve,” says Meredith. “Over the next few months, we watched as our herd that grazed near the tower became emaciated and agitated—a change from their normally fat and contented state. The whole herd developed rough coats. The vet was puzzled, but blood work produced no answers.”

Meanwhile, within six months the parents noticed changes in their children. There were skin rashes—unusual, raised “hot spots.” They had recurrent kidney infections. The youngest two kids became dramatically hyperactive, and the older ones complained of foggy thinking and concentration problems. Then sleep disturbances crept in. Meredith, in her early thirties, began to develop joint problems.

“Everyone’s symptoms were worse,” she explained, “on foggy or rainy days. I since learned this was because the moisture increases the electrical conductivity. There were times when my preschool child would literally spin in circles.” One day she discovered that their tower had become the “hub” for the entire state. “We buried cows that winter,” she recalls.

Searching for solutions and options, they tracked down a researcher at the Environmental Protection Agency, who gave her the first useful advice they’d had. He told her that as a government official he should reassure her that they were safe. But with his “citizen cap” on, he had to say that they should move immediately.

With hopes of returning one day, they sold the herd but had someone keep the heifers for them. Within two to three months of moving to an electrically clean area in upper Michigan, health problems began to subside. After a year, they all were feeling strong once more. The only problem was that their farm was unattended, they were out of money, and they desperately needed to farm again.

About this time, they spoke with new owners of the cell phone company. The staff expressed disdain for flagrant safety lapses of the previous tower owners. The family was assured that if they returned, everything would now be fine. Excited at the news, they went back to their farm.

It was not long before symptoms returned. The children lost weight and the girls began to lose hair. Meredith was pregnant but not gaining weight. That son was unfortunately born with anomalies—birth defects that fit no particular syndrome. Neighbors also had complaints; the suicide rate increased in town, and unusual seizures were reported.

Now, some calves were born with front legs shorter than the back and with deformed hooves; some had large tumors—one tumor was three feet in diameter and the calf could not be delivered alive, even with a C-section. And the tumors were not typical to the species.

They had been back for three years when a pediatrician saw the son’s birth defects, heard the story, and told them to leave town. Why had they stayed so long? “We had to make a living. And somehow, when it’s gradually happening, you’re in denial—you don’t see it for what it is,” Meredith said.

They managed to buy a farm in a safe area and start anew. “My husband insisted we take the cows with us, and within three days they were chewing their cuds—something they hadn’t done for years.” The young boy, though, remains electrically sensitive and hyperactive. Meredith says that if he is within two and a half miles of a tower he develops flushed skin. Computer terminals and fluorescent lights in articless increase symptoms. He has food sensitivities, and damp weather continues to affect him.

And the land—what happened to the farm? Meredith sighs. “It just sits there. Empty. Selling the farm has not been considered. Should we let this happen to someone else?”

by Arthur Firstenberg (Founder and director of the Cellular Phone Taskforce) and Susan Molloy (cofounder of the Environmental Health Network) from www.latitudes.org

The 750,000-watt Doppler weather radar at Fort Dix, New Jersey, overlooks the Township of Brick. Why is that of interest to anyone but meteorologists? It’s not, except that eight out of every 1000 children born in Brick since the radar station was built in 1994 are autistic.

The Brick Township Autism Investigation (1), conducted in 1998 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, uncovered 60 cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children aged three through ten in this town of 77,000 residents. As in much of the rest of the world, autism is increasing here. But the prevalence of both ASD and classic autism in Brick Township were found to be dramatically higher than normal in the 3-to-5-year-old age group, i.e., those born since 1994.

Forward-thinking educators and parents have done a good job in recent years of tackling the difficult issues involved in protecting sensitive children from chemical contaminants, dyes, preservatives, and allergens in their food, medications, classrooms, and homes. However, an additional burden has been overlooked and even ridiculed as untenable as a factor in many children’s profound neurological and behavioral problems. Some readers may react with disbelief to our suggestion that the Fort Dix Doppler might qualify for a place on the “radar screen” of those scientists who are puzzled by the local epidemic of autism. (2)

The authors of this article are adults who are made extremely sick, sometimes incapacitated, from exposure to “normal” amounts of electromagnetic energy. We’ve seen some children respond as we do, as their well-meaning parents and teachers equip them with newer, faster, more powerful “safety” and communication devices, oblivious to the potential consequences for their children’s health and development. We’re not oblivious to these consequences because we ourselves respond directly and immediately, with debilitating pain, confusion, and neurological symptoms, to cell phones, cordless phones, computers, televisions, and other normal elements of today’s home, work and school environments. And we are in increasingly good company.

Gro Harlem Brundtland is director-general of the World Health Organization. A medical doctor with a master’s degree in public health, as well as former prime minister of Norway, she has recently been speaking in public about her own sensitivity to computers, cordless phones and cell phones. Not only has she warned parents against allowing their children to use cell phones or microwave ovens, but she said that she herself has become so sensitive to the radiation that she does not allow anyone to enter her office with a cell phone turned on. “If you enter my office, you are invited by me. No one who is invited would like to give me headaches,” she said at a news conference in Oslo on July 1, 2002, where she was attending an international conference on cancer.

Awakening to the potential of electricity to affect children’s health and development can be initially disheartening, because electromagnetic pollution is so inescapable, and its sources so often are “conveniences” for which we’ve eagerly expended considerable resources. It can also be empowering, because it gives parents and practitioners an additional tool and offers a new range of potential factors that may be influencing seemingly intractable health or behavior problems.

http://www.latitudes.org/articles/electrical_sensitivity_articles.html

-From Esotera Magazine, Germany 2/2/1991

What dowsers have been maintaining for ages, namely that earth radiations (Geopathic Stress) are harmful to health, has now been confirmed in an expensive and exhaustive study by Austrian scientists. Under the direction of Dr. Otto Bergsmann (Internal Medicine), a professor at the University of Vienna, doctors, chemists, physicists and biologists of the state sponsored “Working Party for Research into Pathogenic Sites” carried out tests involving some 985 test persons over a period of two years.

A typical test involved dowsers first of all finding a “pathogenic”, i.e. health threatening site. The test person then had to sit there for ten minutes. Afterwards the test person was subjected to a very thorough medical examination. This consisted of a number of tests, including blood sedimentation tests, measurements of electric conductance at certain muscle points, of blood pressure, heart beat, breathing, skin resistance and blood circulation.

In order to eliminate any “placebo effects”-the body’s response to mere belief in such effects-the test were organized in a “double-blind” fashion; neither the examining doctor nor the test persons knew whether and when they were in a disturbed or neutral place.

The enormous number of 462,421 measurements were taken in a total of 6,943 individual tests. Although the test persons were exposed to the disturbed zones for only a few minutes, harmful effects could be registered in many cases.

“One can easily imagine the dire consequences which exposure to theses disturbance zones over many years could have” was the statement of the periodical Natural Medicine.

-Dept. of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Turkey 7/2002 www.pubmed.gov

External sources may interfere with the appropriate function of pacemakers which are being implanted all around the world in current medical practice. The patient and the physician who is responsible for follow-up of the pacing systems may be confronted with some specific problems regarding the various types of electromagnetic interference (EMI). To avoid these unwanted EMI effects one must be aware of this potential problem and need to take some precautions. There are many sources of EMI interacting with pacemakers. Magnetic resonance imaging creates real problem and should be avoided in pacemaker patients. Cellular phones might be responsible for EMI when they were held on the same side with the pacemaker. Sale security systems are not a problem if one walks through it without lingering in or near it. Patients having unipolar pacemaker systems are prone to develop EMI because of pectoral muscle artifacts during vigorous active physical exercise.

-Russian Study 4/2005, www.pubmed.gov

It was shown that the exposure of seeds in the rest phase to a low-frequency pulse electromagnetic field leads to substantial changes in seed physiology during germination. The changes at the physiological level in sprouting seeds depend not only on the frequency of the external EMF and its power characteristics but also on the kind of seeds. Low- and high-frequency electromagnetic fields are able to produce a biostimulation effect; however, the mechanisms of its appearance are different in their nature. The biochemical studies of seeds after EMF treatment in the modes resulting in expressed biological effects showed an increase in the activity of alpha-amylase, which testifies an increase in the gibberellin output and in the activity of the hydrolytic enzyme sour phosphatase. The response of seeds to EMF treatment demonstrates the possibility of electromagnetic control of growth processes.

-Study conducted at “Al I Cuza” University, Hungary, www.PubMed.gov

A Preliminary Study on Ultra High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Effect on Black Locust Chlorophylls

Chlorophylls were quantitatively studied in the leaves of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings exposed to electromagnetic fields of high frequency. Exposure system was designed and built up to make possible simultaneous exposure of seedling lots (3 months old) to low power density electromagnetic fields corresponding to a frequency of 400 MHz. After three weeks of daily exposures (1, 2, 3 and 8 hours), chlorophyll levels were measured using adequate spectral device. Statistical analysis of experimental results was performed by means of t-test to identify significant modifications induced by electromagnetic treatment in exposed samples in comparison to the control. Chlorophyll-a as well as chlorophyll-b level was found to decrease except the exposure time of two hours, where a considerable enhancement was noticed. It was revealed that the ratio of the two main types of chlorophyll was decreasing logarithmically to the increase of daily exposure time.

by Kato Yasuko, Shukan Kinyobi, Japan 7/2004

In two communities in Nagano Prefecture an increasing number of citizens are complaining of swollen lymph glands and muscle pain, and at the same time deformities are appearing in plants. The causes have not been clarified, but some people suspect that the electromagnetic waves from mobile phone base stations may be a factor.

Ms. A (40) of Ina City began suffering from headaches, fatigue and eye pain in 2002. Her condition gradually worsened, and when she was at home, while studying for a skills qualification exam, she found herself unable to concentrate, had a hard time remembering, and had attacks of dizziness.

Last year unusual changes she had never seen before in the plants in her garden began to appear.

Captions: Left to right

Shirotsumekusa with a fasciated stem extending from the center of a flower. Another flower blooms at the tip of the extended stem.

Five or six cosmos flowers appeared with the disk flower (the yellow center part) turning petal-like. Photographed in October 2004.

A tulip with one leaf aggrandized. Photographed approximately 300 meters from the DoCoMo Base Station.

Captions: Left to right

Narcissuses with a mixture of split and not split corolla. Approximately 300 meters from the DoCoMo Base Station.

Dandelion with abnormally fat stems and more than one flower on each stem. The B family first observed four years ago, and it has reappeared every year since.

Near the B family, a mutation was observed this spring on butterbur flowers. The stems, fasciated, are stuck together half way down.

At the same time, at the home of Mr. B (44), who lives in the town of Takaou, some 25 kilometers from Ina, the health of family members deteriorated. They experienced unusual symptoms for the first time, things like chronic exhaustion, itching hands and feet, and a sudden rise in blood pressure to double their normal levels. And many of the dandelions in his garden developed fasciation, an abnormal thickening of the stem.

Besides the strange phenomena seen in plants and the deterioration in peoples’ health, these two communities have something else in common. Mobile phone base stations were built in both communities a year before the oddities occurred. A Vodafone base station is located about 200 meters from A’s house, and an NTT base station is about 250 meters from B’s house.

Electromagnetic waves from mobile phones are thought to damage cells and cause diseases like leukemia and brain tumor, but they also seem to cause more commonplace health problems.

According to a survey by the Applied National Science Laboratory in France, more people living near mobile phone base stations have health problems than people not exposed to mobile phone electromagnetic waves. And women suffer particularly from headaches, nausea and poor appetite.

Research by the Dutch Economic Ministry points out that electromagnetic waves from third generation mobile phones (3G) may cause headaches and nausea. When irradiated with electromagnet waves of the same strength as those of 3G, the number of people who complained of headaches and nausea was considerably greater than those exposed to electromagnetic waves from previous types of mobile phones.

Ms. A, suspecting that the electromagnetic waves from mobile phones might be the cause of the deformed plants and her health problems, conducted a survey of 30 people living within 300 meters of the Vodafone base station.
The findings revealed that 20 per cent of residents suffered deteriorating eyesight after the mobile phone base station was built. As many as 16 per cent complained of swollen lymph glands in the neck and underarms, and muscle pain. And 13 per cent experienced declines in their ability to think, concentrate and remember. Furthermore, 13 percent reported having noticed unusual phenomena in the flowers and vegetables growing nearby.

1. The high frequency electromagnetic waves in Ms. A and Mr. B’s homes measure maximums of between 0.1375 and 0.717 microwatts per square centimeter (a unit that shows the quantity of heat passing through 1 square centimeter). Is this a safe level for an everyday life environment?

Permissible levels for mobile phone electromagnetic waves are set very high in Japan, at 600 and 1000 microwatts per square centimeter (differing with the frequency band).

But the city of Salzburg in Austria has much tougher standards (0.1 microwatts per square centimeter), and in Paris, France a stiff standard has been set of an average over 24 hours of 1.06 microwatts per square centimeter. The prevalence of stone houses in Europe, moreover, means that levels are probably lower indoors there. Some researchers think that levels should be set even lower, such as at 0.00002 microwatts per square centimeter. (Note 1)

Aware of the possibility of damage to health from exposure to even low doses over long periods of time, Ms. A and others put up shield cloth over the windows and wall of their houses on the side of the mobile phone base station to block the electromagnetic waves. She found that her symptoms were clearly lessened in the room with shield cloth and her fatigue and palpitations alleviated. Using a high frequency measurement instrument, she found the level decreased more than 94 per cent (Note 2)

Deformed plants nationwide?

A TV Asahi program, “Super Morning”, reported that fasciation in dandelions was on the rise throughout the country, and that it was thought that seeds might be being produced that were sensitive to chemical substances as a result of increased crossbreeding between Western dandelions and Japanese dandelions. But in Ina and Takaou irregularities are occurring in plants other than dandelions, and there are more species with irregularities every year.

In an organic farm 180 meters from the mobile phone station, a cucumber was found with a leaf growing out of the fruit.

According to Professor Yamamoto Kotaro, who is studying plant morphology function at Hokkaido University, “there is a gene that suppresses the area of the growth point at the apex of the stem that makes the stem, but when that gene is destroyed the fasciation that thickens the stem occurs.” He adds that “a flower is basically a leaf that has evolved, so that when the gene that transforms a leaf into a flower is destroyed the flower reverts to a leaf. Unusual phenomena like the mutation of a stamen into a petal or of a petal into a calyx can also easily occur.”

The influence of agricultural chemicals and other chemical substances and of electromagnetic waves are usually thought to be behind such genetic irregularities. But at the homes in Nagano where the strange modifications in plants and humans are occurring, agricultural chemicals have not been used for nearly ten years, and one family has been raising vegetables the traditional, chemical-free way for fifty-five years.

In nature, sudden abnormalities in plants can occur due to cosmic rays, but in the case of seed-bearing plants such abnormalities are believed to occur at a rate of only 1 in 100,000.

Fasciation and stamens becoming petals are occurring in many of the plants around Ms. A’s house, plants like cosmos, daffodils, Dutch clover, bergamots, poppy anemones. Without surveying the whole area, it is not possible to give an accurate estimate of the rate of occurrence of these abnormalities, but they would seem to be occurring at a rate higher than 1 in 100,000.

Also, for example, a maple in Ms. A’s yard grew a whole meter last summer. An umbrella pine, a species that normally grows 10 centimeters a year, grew 25 centimeters last year, and as of June this year, had already grown 10 centimeters. And a castor aralia grew 95 centimeters this spring alone.

There is not much research on the relationship between electromagnetic waves and plants, but a study by the University of Michigan of trees located between 50 and 150 meters of a Navy communications antenna that emits ultralow frequency electromagnetic waves revealed that the growth of maples increased by 74 per cent. One theory is that radiation may cause an increase in the absorption rate of carbon dioxide. Another is that electromagnetic waves hasten plant growth.

The environment in which we live has changed enormously in the last fifty years. Man-made electromagnetic waves have drastically increased as has pollution from chemicals. A combination of these factors may be giving rise to changes in plants and animals, humans included.

Notes

1. Ogino Koya. Puroburemu Q&A, abunai keitai denwa [Problem Q&A: dangerous electromagnetic waves], Ryokufu Shuppan.

2. The high frequency instrument used measures not only mobile phone electromagnetic waves but also electromagnetic waves from TV and radio high frequency bands.

-Statement from Dr. Ulrich Warnke, University of Saarland, Germany 4/ 2007

Orientation and Navigation of Bees may be disturbed by man-made electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields.

The conclusion of research of other scientists and of my own research results in the
following six-point-statement:

1. The integuments of bees (and bird feathers) have semiconductor and
piezoelectric functions. This means they are transducers of pulse modulated
high frequency microwave-fields into an audio frequency range. Several
constructions of the integument work like dielectric receptors of
electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region.

2. In the abdomen of bees are definitely found magnetite nanoparticles.

3. Magnetite is an excellent absorber of microwave radiation at frequencies
between 0.5 and 10.0 GHz through the process of ferromagnetic resonance.
Pulsed microwave energy absorbed by this process is first transduced into
acoustic vibrations (magneto acoustic effect).

4. It was demonstrate that free-flying honeybees are able to detect static intensity
fluctuations and ultra low frequency magnetic fields as weak as 26 nT against
the background earth-strength magnetic field.

5. Magnetic field (MF) bursts at a frequency of 250 Hz oriented parallel to the
field-lines of the earth magnetic field induce unequivocal jumps of
misdirection of up to +10°.

6. The magnetic induction levels today in the environment are in the extremely
low frequency range usually between 0,001 and 170 ?T; in the high frequency
range between several nT and several T. So these levels are commonly
higher than the threshold of sensibility of bees to variations of magnetic fields.

On balance, the consequence of all this investigations is that orientation and
navigation of bees may be disturbed by man-made technical communication fields.